It is possible to curb the rising incidence of fatty liver disease and its associated health complications in India.
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The increasing prevalence of fatty liver disease among Indians can be attributed to a combination of lifestyle changes, dietary habits, and genetic factors.
Dr. Shubha I. Vivekan, Consultant Gastroenterologist, Hepatologist, and Interventional Endoscopist, Apollo Clinic, Anna Nagar, Chennai shares the key contributors to this growing health concern:
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- Dietary Changes and the Consumption of Processed FoodsShift towards unhealthy eating habits: Over recent years, the Indian diet has shifted towards higher consumption of refined sugars, unhealthy fats, and processed foods. These foods are often calorie-dense and nutritionally poor, contributing to weight gain and metabolic disturbances that increase the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Decline of traditional diets: A traditional Indian diet, rich in vegetables, fiber, and natural spices, is becoming less common, especially in urban areas. The increasing availability of fast food, sugary snacks, and sugary drinks is driving this change.
- Sedentary LifestyleLack of physical activity: A significant rise in desk jobs and screen time has led to reduced physical activity, contributing to weight gain and insulin resistance. This sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome, a condition often linked with fatty liver disease.
- Obesity and OverweightGrowing obesity rates: Obesity is becoming more prevalent in India, particularly in urban areas. Excess weight, especially abdominal fat, is a key risk factor for NAFLD. Abdominal fat is strongly associated with insulin resistance, leading to the accumulation of fat in the liver.
- Genetic and Ethnic PredispositionGenetic factors: South Asians, including Indians, are genetically predisposed to store fat around the abdomen and internal organs, even at lower body weights. This predisposition increases the risk of metabolic disorders, making Indians more vulnerable to fatty liver disease compared to other ethnic groups.
- Rise in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic SyndromeDiabetes epidemic: India has one of the highest rates of type 2 diabetes globally. Both diabetes and insulin resistance are closely linked with the development of NAFLD. The increasing prevalence of these conditions in India is contributing to the rise in fatty liver disease.
- Alcohol ConsumptionIncreased alcohol-related liver issues: While NAFLD itself is not caused by alcohol, alcohol-related fatty liver disease is becoming more common due to the rising consumption of alcohol in some regions. Both NAFLD and alcohol-related fatty liver disease can lead to severe liver damage over time if left untreated.
- Lack of Awareness and Delayed DiagnosisSilent progression: Fatty liver disease often shows no symptoms in its early stages, leading many individuals to remain unaware of their condition. Without regular screening, the disease can progress to more serious stages, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or even cirrhosis.
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Addressing the Issue
To address the growing burden of fatty liver disease in India, there is an urgent need for public health initiatives that promote:
- A balanced diet rich in fiber, vegetables, and healthy fats.
- Regular physical activity to combat sedentary lifestyles.
- Increased awareness about the risks associated with obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease.
- Routine screening to ensure early diagnosis and intervention.
With the right steps, it is possible to curb the rising incidence of fatty liver disease and its associated health complications in India.
